A-Z of Shipping Terms (N-z)

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A - M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

N Navigation The act of determining position, location and course to the destination of an aircraft or a vessel. Negligence Imprudent action or omission which may cause injury, damage or loss. Negotiable In terms of documents, 'negotiable' means that e.g. a Bill of Lading is handed over/transferred in the right manner (viz. proper endorsement) to another person either endorsed in blank or endorsed to a person and that person acquires, by this transfer certain rights vis-¿is the goods e.g. is entitled to take possession of the goods. Net Manifest A manifest containing all freight details including negotiated disbursements. Net Weight The weight of the goods, excluding all packing. Network Planning System A technique for making a time schedule for the implementation of a project. New Computerised Transit System Abbreviation: NCTS A concept for custom authorities to manage European Community and common transit, based on the use of computer systems and EDI techniques. Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier Abbreviation: NVOCC A party who undertakes to carry goods and issues in his own name a Bill of Lading for such carriage, without having the availability of any own means of transport. Normal Charge The specified general cargo rate without any quantity discount (air cargo). Normal General Cargo Rate The under 45 kgs rate or, if no under 45 kgs rate exists, the under 100 kgs rate (air cargo). Normal Rate See Normal General Cargo Rate Notice of Readiness Written document or telex issued by the master of a vessel to the charterer¿s advising them the moment when a vessel is ready to load or discharge. Document advising a consignee or his agent that cargo has arrived and is ready for delivery. Notify Address Address of the party other than the consignee to be advised of the arrival of the goods. Notify Party The party to be notified of arrival of goods. back to top O Object A tangible of abstract thing of relevance to business. Object Oriented Approach The development of classes of business objects may support and have an impact on the developments in the area of simplification of EDI and its standards. A business object is a true representation of a tangible concept stemming from real business usage. Obsolete Stock The products or materials that cannot be or is unlikely to be used in future processes and which is to be sold or disposed of through the usual outlets. Offshore Contracting work carried out at sea (e.g. drilling for oil). Oil Bulk Ore Vessel Abbreviation: OBO-Vessel A vessel designed for the carriage of either dry or liquid bulk cargo. On-line Charge The charge which applies to carriage over the lines of a single carrier. On-line Rate See On-line Charge Oncarriage The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport to the place of delivery after discharge from the ocean vessel (main means of transport) at the port (place) of discharge. One Stop Shop An organisation, which provides all needed requirements in one location. One Way Pallet Note: The addition 'One Way' has nothing to do with the number of pallet sides in which the forks of e.g. a fork lift can enter, as opposed to the two and four way pallets. See Disposable Pallet Open Order See Backlog Open Sided Container JLB Shipping container with frames with wire-mesh at the sides covered by means of a tarpaulin, which can be dropped down to, give unrestricted access to the sides of the container for loading or discharging. Open Top Container A freight container similar in all respects to a general purpose container except that it has no rigid roof but may have a flexible and movable or removable cover, for example one made of canvas or plastic or reinforced plastic material normally supported on movable or removable roof bows. Operating Efficiency A ratio of the actual output of a piece of equipment, department, or plant as compared to the planned or standard output. Operations Research The development and application of quantitative techniques to the solution of problems. More specifically, theory and methodology in mathematics, statistics, and computing are adapted and applied to the identification, formulation, solution, validation, implementation, and control of decision making problems. Operator The party responsible for the day to day operational management of certain premises such as ware-houses, terminals and vessels. Optimal Trim The best calculated TRIM related to speed engine capacity, fuel consumption for a specific sailing condition. Optimization Achieving the best possible solution to a problem in terms of a specified objective function. Option One of a limited range of choices or features that is offered to a customer when purchasing an otherwise basic standard product and that has to be an integral part of the product (used in commercial trading). Optional Cargo Cargo of which the final destination is not known at the moment of booking but will be indicated during the transport. Optional Port A port of which it is not known whether or not a vessel during a voyage will make a call. Order A request to deliver specified quantities of goods or to render specific services. Order Line Each line on a customer's purchase order. An order line always contains one Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) only, but the number may vary. Organisation An identifiable social unit with a particular responsibility which endeavour to achieve multiple goals by co-ordinated activities and relationships between members and objects. Out of Gauge Cargo Cargo which dimensions are exceeding the normal dimensions of a 20 or 40 feet container, e.g. overlength, overwidth, overheight, or combinations thereof. back to top Outsider A carrier, which operates on a route served by a liner conference but which is not a member of that conference. Outsourcing Subcontracting of activities. Outturn Report Written statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel's manifest. Outward Handling The operations to be performed on outgoing goods from a production unit, both administrative and physical, starting at the moment forwarding orders can be executed to the moment of actual departure of the goods. Over Pivot Rate The rate per kilogram to be charged for the over pivot weight (air cargo). Over Pivot Weight The weight in excess of the pivot weight (air cargo). Overcarrier A carrier within a consortium who carries cargo beyond the allotment distributed to him. Overheight Cargo Cargo, exceeding the standard height. Overlength Cargo Cargo, exceeding the standard length. Overpack A unit used by a single shipper to contain one or more packages and to form one handling unit for convenience of handling and stowage. Dangerous goods packages contained in the overpack must be properly packed, marked, labelled and in proper condition as required by the Regulations regarding dangerous goods (air cargo). Overtime Work beyond normal established working hours which usually requires a premium to be paid to the employees concerned. Overwidth Cargo Cargo, exceeding the standard width. Owner The legal owner of cargo, equipment or means of transport. Owner's Container Code See Container Prefix back to top P P & I Club See Protection and Indemnity Club Package Any physical piece of cargo in relation to transport consisting of the contents and its packing for the purpose of ease of handling by manual or mechanical means. The final product of the packing operation consisting of the packing and its contents to facilitate manual or mechanical handling. Packaging Materials used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods and the activities of placing and securing goods in those materials. Packing Any container or other covering in which goods are packed. Packing Instruction Document issued within an enterprise giving instructions on how goods are to be packed. Packing List Document specifying the contents of each individual package. Packing Unit A type of package where a standard quantity of products of a specific product type can be packed and that requires no additional packaging for storage and shipment. Pallet A platform on which goods can be stacked in order to facilitate the movement by a fork lift or sling. Pallet Convertor Superstructure which can be applied to a pallet to convert it into either a box or post pallet. Pallet Rack A skeleton framework, of fixed or adjustable design, to support a number of individual pallet loads. Pallet Truck Pedestrian- or rider-controlled non-stacking lift truck fitted with forks. Panamax Size The maximum measurements and dimensions of a vessel capable to pass the Panama Canal. Parcel See Package Participating Carrier A carrier participating in a tariff and who therefore applies the rates, charges, routing and regulations of the tariff. A carrier over whose air routes one or more sections of carriage under the Air Waybill is undertaken or performed (air cargo). Particular Average A fortuitous partial loss to the subject matter insured, proximately caused by an insured peril but which is not a general average loss. Particular average only relates to damage and/or expenses which are exclusively borne by the owners of a vessel which has sustained damage as a result of e.g. heavy weather or by the owners of the cargo, which has been damaged in transit. Partition See Divider Partnership An ongoing relationship between two organisations which involves a commitment over an extended time period and a mutual sharing of the risks and rewards of the relationship. Payee A party to whom a payment is made or owed. Payer A party who pays or is to pay. Payload The revenue-producing load carried by a means of transport. Payment That which discharges a debt. Payment Against Documents Instructions given by a seller to a bank to the effect that the buyer may collect the documents necessary to obtain delivery of the goods only upon actual payment of the invoice. Performance Indicator A variable indicating the effectiveness and/or efficiency of a process. Performance Measurement The comparison of the results of business processes with each other or with standards in order to know the effectiveness of these processes and/or the supportive actions. Permeability Ratio expressed as a percentage assumed for the volume of a compartment which can be flooded by water after damage, to the total volume of that compartment; respectively the actual calculated value of that ratio. back to top Phased Delivery The delivery of parts of the shipment. Physical Distribution Those activities related to the flow of goods from the end of conversion to the customer. Physical Distribution Management The planning execution and control of those activities which are related to the flow of goods from the end of conversion to the customer. Pick Order An order to pick certain quantities of goods out of a stock. Pick Up Service The carriage of outbound consignments from the point of pick up to the airport of departure (air cargo). Pick Up and Delivery A service concerning the collection of cargo from the premises of the consignor and the delivery to the premises of the consignee. Pick and Pack Taking goods out of a stock and packing them according to customer conditions. Picking Taking products or components out of a stock. Picking List A list used to collect items from stores needed to fulfil an order. Pier See Quay Piggyback The carriage of road vehicles and trailers on railway wagons. Pilferage Petty stealing of goods from a ship's hold, cargo shed or warehouse. Pilot Local expert advising a vessel's captain on safe navigation in those areas where the captain is ignorant of local circumstances or where it is obligatory to take a pilot. A person qualified to operate the controls of an aircraft. Pilot In Command The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time. Pipeline A line of pipes for conveying liquids and gasses. The physical goods flow from a supplying organisation to a receiving organisation. Pipeline Inventory The amount of goods in a pipeline: the sum of loading stock, goods in transit and receiving stock. Pivot Weight Minimum chargeable weight of a Unit Load Device. Place of Acceptance See Place of Receipt Place of Delivery The location where a consignment (shipment) is delivered to the consignee viz. the place where the carrier's liability ends for the transport venture. Place of Despatch Name and address specifying where goods are collected or taken over by the carrier (i.e. if other than consignor). Place of Receipt The location where a consignment (shipment) is received by the carrier from the shipper viz. the place where the carrier's liability for transport venture commences. Placement The activity of positioning an object or goods in a chosen location or position. Planning The setting of goals over a certain time and the determination of how to achieve these goals and with what resource. Planning Horizon The period of time to which a certain particular plan relates. back to top Platform The area on an airport where aircrafts are parked for embarkation and/or loading and discharging purposes (air cargo). Platform Body A truck or trailer without ends, sides or top but with only a floor. Plimsoll Mark A mark, welded on both sides of the vessel, which gives the limit to which a vessel may be loaded, depending on the specific gravity of the water in which the vessel is situated. Point Value The point value can be seen as the relative value of an empty container of a certain size type in a depot location. The system serves to quantify the imbalance costs resulting from a full container move and are the result of empty optimisation calculations. Point values are created on forecasted container flows between depot locations. They are calculated taking into account a.o. the forecasted imbalances plus repositioning, storage and container costs for empty moves and expressed in USD. Note: In the various computer systems point values are used to calculate the imbalance charge or credit for a particular container flow. This charge or credit is the difference in point values between start and end depot location. Point to Point Transport See House to House Transport Pontoon A floating flat structure used for work alongside the ship, to facilitate embarkation or disembarkation of persons, or to move cargo alongside. Pool The shared use of e.g. equipment by a number of companies, which make together the investments in the equipment mentioned. Poop Aft part of a vessel where the steering engine is located. Port Harbour having facilities for vessels to moor and load or discharge. Left side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end. Port of Call Place where a vessel actually drops anchor or moors during a certain voyage. Port of Discharge The port where the cargo is actually discharged (unloaded) from the sea (ocean) going vessel. Port of Loading The port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the sea (ocean) going vessel. Portal Crane A type of gantry crane with vertical legs of sufficient height and width to permit vehicles or railroad equipment to pass between the legs. Portlog A statement concerning a vessel containing the actual arrival and departure time used tugs, draft, dead-weight, quantity of discharged and loaded goods/containers and any other important particulars. Positioning The transport of empty equipment from a depot to shipper's premises or from consignee's premises back to a depot as the empty leg of a carrier haulage transport. Postal Code A national code maintained by the Postal Authorities designed to indicate areas and accumulated addresses to facilitate sorting and the delivery of mail and other goods. Note: The coding system is different in the various countries throughout the world. In the Netherlands the code consists of 4 figures and 2 characters. Practice That what has become customary as a result of repeated acts. Pre-slinging The act of placing goods in slings which are left in position and used for loading into and discharging from a conventional vessel. Pre-trip Inspection Abbreviation: PTI A technical inspection of Reefer containers prior to positioning for stuffing. Precarriage The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port (place) of loading into the ocean vessel (main means of transport). Precarrier The carrier by which the goods are moved prior to the main transport. Preshipment Inspection Abbreviation: PSI The checking of goods before shipment for the purpose of determining the quantity and/or quality of said goods by an independent surveyor (inspection company) for phytosanitary, sanitary and veterinary controls. Presently there is a tendency by developing countries to use the inspection also for the purpose of determining whether the price charged for certain goods is correct. Principal Person for whom another acts as agent. Principal Carrier See Responsible Carrier back to top Principal Corporate Body The company that owns the various subsidiary companies or branches acting as customers on their own and is registered as the corporate customer for statistical purposes. Priority Order An order which is identified as taking precedence over other orders to ensure its completion in the minimum time. Private Warehouse A warehouse operated by the owner of the goods stored there. Pro Forma Invoice Draft invoice sent to an importer by the exporter prior to order confirmation and shipment to assist in matters relating to obtaining import licences or foreign exchange allocations, or simply to advise the value of a consignment so that letters of credit can be opened. Procedure Steps to be followed in order to comply with a formality, including the timing, format and transmission method for the submission of required information. Process Mapping A diagrammatically break down of a supply chain. Procurement The activities which ensure the availability of the material and or services in the desired quantity, quality, place and time from the supplier. Procurement Logistics Control of the flow of materials up to the manufacturing process. Product A result, end items or output from a certain process. Product Chain All phases in the transformation- or production process of one product. Product Life Cycle The period of time between the introduction date and end date of a product in the market. Note: Phases are introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, decline & end. Production The conversion of materials and or assembly of components to manufacture goods, products or services. The total quantity of goods manufactured or to be manufactured in a particular period of time expressed in quantitative or financial terms. (The term manufacturing is often used specifically for physical operations resulting in a product). Productivity Relative measure of output of labour hour or machine hour. Profit Centre An organisational unit which will be held responsible for its own profits and losses. Project Cargo Quantity of goods connected to the same project and often carried on different moments and from various places. Project Management Managing a transport project, which involves the design and implementation of logistics solutions including resource planning, costing and profits. Proof of Delivery The receipt signed by the consignee upon delivery. Proper Shipping Name A name to be used to describe particular goods on all JLB Shipping documents and notifications and, if appropriate, on the goods. basis (air cargo). Protection and Indemnity Club Abbreviation: P & I club A mutual association of shipowners who provide protection against liabilities by means of contributions. Protocol A statement drawn up to attest certain events. Public Authorities The agencies or officials in a state responsible for the application and enforcement of the laws and regulations of that state. Source: IMO. Public Warehouse A warehouse which is available to all companies and persons who wish to make use of the services offered. Published Charge A charge, the amount of which is specifically set forth in the carrier's rates tariff. Published Rate See Published Charge back to top Pull Distribution System A system to provide warehouses with new stock on request of the warehouse management. Purchase Order A definite order for one or more deliveries by the supplier to the customer of a specific quantity of goods, materials, services or products under agreed terms of delivery and prices. Purchase Order Management Supply chain management to purchase order article level. Push Distribution System A system to provide warehouses with new stock upon decision of the supplier of the goods. Q Qualifier A data element whose value shall be expressed as a code that gives specific meaning to the function of another data element or a segment. Quality (ISO8402) The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. Note: The ISO9000 standards on quality management and quality assurance consists of 4 standards: 9000 guidelines for selection and use, 9001 model for quality assurance in design/development 9002 model for quality assurance in production and installation, 9003 model for quality assurance in final inspection and test, and 9004 guidelines for quality management and quality system elements, part 2 are guidelines for services. Quality Assurance (ISO8402) All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements for quality. Quality Control (ISO8402) The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality. Quantity Charge The unit rate which is lower than the normal rate and applies to shipments meeting specific weight requirements (air cargo). Quantity Discount A proportional reduction of a rate based on quantity (air cargo). Quarantine The period during which an arriving vessel, including its equipment, cargo, crew or passengers, suspected to carry or carrying a contagious disease is detained in strict isolation to prevent the spread of such a disease. Quay That part of a wharf which is intended for the mooring of vessels. Queue A stored arrangement of computer data, programs or messages, waiting to be processed in the order in which they were submitted. Quoin Timber wedge used to secure drums against movement. Quotas A system of controlling imports, exports or production by specifying a certain limitation. Quotation Amount stated as the price according to tariff for certain services to be provided or issued to a customer with specification on conditions for carriage. Quotation Expiration Date The date as from which a quotation price is no longer valid. back to top R Rail Car A wheeled wagon used for the carriage of cargo by rail. Rail Consignment Note A document evidencing a contract for the transport of goods by rail. Ramp An artificial inclined path, road or track along which wheeled vehicles, cargo and trailers may pass for the purpose of changing their elevation and facilitating the loading and unloading operation (e.g. an entrance way into a Roll-on Roll-off vessel Ramp Handling See Platform Handling Rate The price of a transport service. Quantity, amount or degree measured or applied. Rate of Calculation A factor for the calculation of an amount. Rate of Turn The figure indicating the speed of a change of course of a means of transport expressed in degrees per minute. Rating A class to which an article is assigned. Re-invoicing The procedure whereby goods shipped directly from a supplier to the customer are invoiced in two stages: at first by the supplier to an intermediary and subsequently by the intermediary to the customer. Rebate That part of a transport charge which the carrier agrees to return. Receipt A written acknowledgement, that something has been received. Receiving Carrier The carrier receiving a consignment on behalf of a carrier, agent or shipper for onward transport. Receiving Stock The stock comprising all the goods that have arrived at the door of the receiving organisation and which is not yet available in the stock of that organisation. Reconditioning All activities connected with restoring and or adjusting the packaging of a product. In such manner that it can be presented to the customer in the requested form. Reconditioning of Garments The act or process of bringing garments after transport in shop's condition. Redelivery Return of a shipment to the party who originally delivered it to the carrier (air cargo). Return of a charter vessel to the owners. Reefer Cargo Cargo requiring temperature control. Reefer Container A thermal container with refrigerating appliances (mechanical compressor unit, absorption unit etc.) to control the temperature of cargo. Refund The repayment to the purchaser of the total charge or a portion of that charge for unused carriage. Region Specified geographical area for operational purposes. Register Ton The unit of measurement for the internal capacity of a vessel whereby one register ton equals 100 cubic feet (2.83 cubic meter). The gross (bruto) tonnage comprises all spaces below the main (tonnage) deck and the enclosed spaces above the main (tonnage) deck less exempted spaces. The net tonnage consists of the gross tonnage less exemptions like ballast tanks, engine room, living quarters etc. The register tonnage is mentioned on the tonnage certificate. Registration Authority (Key Management) Registration Authority is used as an entry point for users to set-up links by using some existing trusted means such as registered letters of personal enrolment. This registration will also form the legal basis for the use of digital signatures by the user, if required, although this aspect in itself is not key management. Once this registration has been established, the user credentials and his public key are passed on the Certification Authority with a request for certification. Regroupage The process of splitting up shipments into various consignments (degroupage) and combining these small consignments into other shipments (groupage). Rejection Non-acceptance of e.g. cargo. Release Order A document issued by or on behalf of the carrier authorising the release of import cargo identified thereon and manifested under a single Bill of Lading. back to top Reliability of Delivery The reliability of a supplier concerning the agreed terms of delivery with regard to the quality, quantity, delivery time, conditions and price. Replacement Indicating that a subject is interchangeable with another subject, but which differs physically from the original subject in that the installation of the replacement subject requires extra machining or provisions in addition to the normal application and methods of attachment. Replenishment Completion of stock. Repudiation The denial by a user of having participated in part or all of a communication. Rerouting The route to be followed as altered from the one originally specified in the transport document. Reservation Allotment in advance of space or weight capacity. Also referred to as 'booking'. Reserve Inventory See Safety Stock Resources Organisations, People or Computer systems carrying out the activities. Responsible Carrier The carrier liable under the terms of a consortium Bill of Lading. Carrier responsible for the transport of goods as indicated in the transport document. Returns Goods returned to their place of acceptance. Revenue Amounts of income stemming from the provision of transport services. Reverse Distribution The collection of used, damaged, or outdated products and/or packaging from end-users. Rinacertificate Certificate issued by the Italian Government for carrying dangerous goods in Italian Waters. Road Carrier Party undertaking transport by road of goods from one point to another such as indicated in the contract. Road Vehicle A means of transport capable and allowed to move over public roads and other landways. Roll Trailer Special trailer for terminal haulage and stowage on board of Roll-on Roll-off vessels. Also referred to as Mafi Trailer. Roll-on Roll-off Abbreviation: RoRo System of loading and discharging a vessel whereby the cargo is driven on and off by means of a ramp. Rolling Resistance The total frictional force that a tire, a set of tires or all the tires on a vehicle is developing with the road. Rotation Sequence in which a vessel calls at the ports on her itinerary. Round Trip A voyage, a journey etc. to a certain place, port or country and back again. Route The track along which goods are (to be) transported. Routing The determination of the most efficient route(s) that people, goods, materials and or means of transport have to follow. The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between consignor and consignee or between place of acceptance by the carrier and place of delivery to the consignee. The process of aiding a vessel's navigation by supplying long range weather forecasts and indicating the most economic and save sailing route. Row A vertical division of a vessel from starboard to portside, used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers. The numbers run from midships to both sides. Rush Baggage See Expedite Baggage back to top S SITPRO National organisation for the Simplification of International Trade Procedures in the United Kingdom (e.g. in The Netherlands SITPRO is called 'Sitproneth', in France 'Simprofrance' and in Japan 'Jastpro'). Safe Working Load Abbreviation: SWL The maximum load any lifting appliance may handle. Safety Stock In general, a quantity of stock planned to be in inventory to protect against fluctuations in demand and/or supply. In the context of master production scheduling, safety stock can refer to additional inventory and/or capacity planned as protection against forecast errors and/or short terms changes in the backlog. Also referred to as 'overplanning' or a 'market hedge'. Said to Contain Abbreviation: STC Term in a Bill of Lading signifying that the master and the carrier are unaware of the nature or quantity of the contents of e.g. a carton, crate, container or bundle and are relying on the description furnished by the shipper. Salvage The saving or rescue of a vessel and/or the cargo from loss and/or damage at sea. Scale Ton Freighting measurement used in certain trades for various commodities. Scenario A formal specification of a group of business activities that may take place between parties to achieve a particular objective. Schedule A timetable including arrival/departure times of ocean- and feeder vessels and also inland transportation. It refers to named ports in a specific voyage (journey) within a certain trade indicating the voyage number(s). In general: The plan of times for starting and/or finishing activities. Seal A device used for containers, lockers, trucks or lorries to proof relevant parties that they have remained closed during transport. Seal Log A document used to record seal numbers. Seasonal Inventory Inventory built up in anticipation of a seasonal peak of demand in order to smooth production. Seaworthiness Fitness of a vessel to travel in open sea mostly related to a particular voyage with a particular cargo. Sectional Rate The rate established by scheduled air carrier(s) for a section of a through route (air cargo). Segregation Distance required by the rules of IMDG or BC codes between the various commodities of dangerous and or bulk cargoes. Seller Party selling merchandise to a buyer. Seller's Market A 'seller's market' is considered to exist when goods cannot easily be secured and when the economic forces of business tend to be priced at the vendor's estimate of value. In other words, a state of trade favourable to the seller, with relatively great demand and high prices of something for sale. Semi Trailer A vehicle without motive power and with one or more axles designed to be drawn by a truck tractor and constructed in such way that a portion of its weight and that of its load rest upon e.g. the fifth wheel of the towing vehicle. Sender See Shipper Sequenced Delivery The synchronised delivery of trucks to co-ordinate with production schedules or local delivery vehicles. Service Based Pricing Pricing structured to service packages provided, related to activity based costing including bought in costs. Service Bill A service Bill (of Lading) is a contract of carriage issued by one carrier to another for documentary and internal control purposes (e.g. in case JLB Shipping cargo is carried on a non JLB Shipping vessel.) For internal documentary and control purposes a so-called participating agent in a consortium uses some kind of document which, depending on the trade, is referred to as 'Memo Bill' which will among others state: Name of Carrier on whose behalf the original document (Way Bill, Bill of Lading, etc.) was issued. The original document number. The agent who issued the original document and his opponent at the discharging side. The number of packages, weight and measurement, marks and numbers and goods description. Further mandatory details in case of special cargo. No freight details will be mentioned and the Memo Bill is not a contract of carriage. See Bill of Lading Service Level A measure for the extent to which the customer orders can be executed at delivery conditions normally accepted in the market. Service Level Agreement Abbreviation: SLA An arrangement between a service provider and an organisation specifying details about the services to be provided. Setting/Air Delivery Temperature An indication in the documents (B/L) stating the air supply temperature to the container. Note: No other details than this temperature shall be included in the Bill of Lading. Settlement Office The institution to issue billing to and receive remittances from agents and to distribute the monies to CASS airlines, Billing Participants and Part Participants (air cargo). back to top Shed See Warehouse Shelf Life The specified length of time prior to use for which items which are inherently subject to deterioration are deemed to remain fit for use under prescribed conditions. Shift Part of the work-program of a stevedoring company (a working day can have up to 3 shifts (24 hours)). Ship See Vessel Ship Broker Acts as intermediary between shipowners or carriers by sea on the one hand and cargo interests on the other. The functions are to act as forwarding agent or custom broker, fixing of charters, and acting as chartering agent. Ship Operator A ship operator is either the shipowner or the (legal) person responsible for the actual management of the vessel and its crew. Ship's Protest Statement of the master of a vessel before (in the presence of) competent authorities, concerning exceptional events which occurred during a voyage. Shipment A separately identifiable collection of goods to be carried. Note: In the United States of America the word shipment is used instead of the word consignment. See Consignment Shipowner The (legal) person officially registered as such in the certificate of registry where the following particulars are contained: Name of vessel and port of registry. Details contained in surveyors certificate. The particulars respecting the origin stated in the declaration of ownership. The name and description of the registered owner, if more than one owner the proportionate share of each. Shipper The merchant (person) by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods has been concluded with a carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage. Shipper's Export Declaration Abbreviation: SED A United States customs form to be completed for all exports to assist the government in compiling export statistics. Shipper's Letter of Instruction Abbreviation: SLI A document containing instructions given by the shipper or the shipper's agent for preparing documents and forwarding (air cargo). Shipping Note Document provided by the shipper or his agent to the carrier, multimodal transport operator, terminal or other receiving authority, giving information about export consignments offered for transport, and providing for the necessary receipts and declarations of liability. Shipping Documents Documents required for the carriage of goods. Shipping Instruction Document advising details of cargo and exporter's requirements of its physical movement. Shipping Label A label attached to a JLB Shipping unit, containing certain data. Shipping Marks The identification shown on individual packages in order to help in moving it without delay or confusion to its final destination and to enable the checking of cargo against documents. Shortage The negative difference between actual available or delivered quantity and the required quantity. Shrink Wrapping Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope of polyethylene or similar substance around several units, thus forming one unit. It is used e.g. to secure packages on a pallet. Shuttle Service The carriage back and forth over an often short route between two points. Siding A short railroad track connected with a main track by a switch to serve a warehouse or an industrial area. Simplification The limiting of formalities, procedures, documents, information, and operations to the minimum essential requirements, steps, data and tasks acceptable by all parties concerned. Simplification Toolkit Collection of tools to enable simplified implementations of structured electronic commerce techniques such as, electronic data interchange, electronic funds transfer, automatic data capture, bar-code technology and unique goods/product/service/party identification schemes. Simulation The imitation of the reality for studying the effect of changing parameters in a model as a means of preparing a decision. back to top Single Administrative Document Abbreviation: SAD A set of documents, replacing the various (national) forms for customs declaration within European Community, implemented on January 1st, 1988. The introduction of the SAD constitutes an intermediate stage in the abolition of all administrative documentation in intra European Community trade in goods between member states. Skeleton Trailer Road trailer consisting of a frame and wheels specially designed to carry containers. See Chassis Skids Battens fitted underneath frames, boxes or packages to raise them off the floor and allow easy access for fork lift trucks, slings or other handling equipment. Sliding Tandem An undercarriage with a subframe having provision for convenient fore and aft adjustment of its position on the chassis/semi-trailer. The purpose being to be able to shift part of the load to either the king pin or the suspension to maximise legally permitted axle loads (road cargo). Sling Special chain, wire rope, synthetic fibre strap or ropes used for cargo handling purposes. Slip Sheeting Hard plastic sheeting used to stack cartons, optimising container space. Slot The space on board a vessel, required by one TEU, mainly used for administrative purposes. Slot Charter A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain number of container slots (TEU and/or FEU) at the charterer's disposal. Snake Loading Loading products into a container in the sequence with which the goods will be unloaded and stored in at destination. Sourcing The management on purpose of the various origins of products or materials on behalf of the recipient of these products or materials. In some industries sourcing is seen as the change from push to pull delivery for a number of fast moving items. Within JLB Shipping sourcing is specially dedicated to the retail industry acting as an intermediary between suppliers and the market with an integrated service for e.g. supermarkets or large department stores. Space Charter A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place part of the vessels capacity at the charterers disposal. Special Drawing Rights Abbreviation: SDR Unit of account from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), i.a. used to express the amount of the limitations of a carrier's liability. Special Rate A rate other than a normal rate. Specific Commodity Rate Abbreviation: SCR A rate applicable to carriage of specifically designated commodities. Split Shipment In case of indirect delivery through consolidation and if split shipment conditions occur then each split part of the shipment will be delivered in a different consignment but all consignments identified by the same unique original shipment id. Spoke The stretch between a hub and one of the group of consignees and/or consignors being served by the hub. Spontaneous Ignition Temperature The lowest temperature at which a substance will start burning spontaneously without an external source of ignition. Spreader Device used for lifting containers and unitised cargo. Beam or frame that holds the slings vertical when hoisting a load, to prevent damage to cargo. Spring Mooring rope rigged from the forward or aft to a quayside bollard amidships to prevent the ship from surging forward or aft when alongside. Stability The capacity of a vessel to return to its original position after having been displaced by external forces. The stability of a vessel depends on the meta-centric height. Stack An identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in one specified place on an (ocean) terminal, container freight station, container yard or depot. See also: Container Stack Stacking To pile boxes, bags, containers etc. on top of each other. Stackweight The total weight of the containers and cargo in a certain row. Standard Costs A carefully prepared estimate of the cost of performing a given operation under specified conditions. In JLB Shipping standard costs are determined for operations called 'standard Work Orders'. Note: A standard work order describes a standard operation for which a standard cost is to be established. back to top Standard Industrial Classification Abbreviation: SIC A method, used in the United States, to categorise companies into different industrial groupings. Standard Product Module Abbreviation: SPM The building blocks used by business management to define services (shipment products) which can be offered to customers. They describe a more or less isolated set of activities with a standard cost attached to it. For operations management each module defines a combination of standard operations that needs to be carried out for a customer. Note: SPM's can be regarded as the interface between business and operations management. Standardisation The development of agreements whose purpose is to align formalities, procedures, documents, information, and operations. At a national level, this would be alignment with acceptable commercial norms and practices, at an international level it would alignment with identified "best" and/or most accepted practices. Starboard Right side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end. State of Origin The state in the territory in which the cargo was first loaded. Steering of Containers The function, with the aid of specific software for tracking and forecasting, to direct empty containers to demanding areas at minimum costs. Stem The foremost part of a vessel. Stern The aftermost part of a vessel. Stevedore A party running a business of which the functions are loading, stowing and discharging vessels. Stock The materials in a supply chain or in a segment of a supply chain, expressed in quantities, locations and or values. UK. Stock Control The systematic administration of stock levels with respect to quantity at all times. Stock Keeping Unit The description of the unit of measurement by which the stock items are recorded on the stock record. Stock Locator System A system in which all places within a warehouse are named or numbered. Stock Point A point in the supply chain meant to keep materials available. Stock Record A record of the quantity of stock of a single item, often containing a history of recent transactions and information for controlling the replenishment of stock. Storage The activity of placing goods into a store or the state of being in store (e.g. a warehouse). Storage Charge The fee for keeping goods in a warehouse. Stores Provisions and supplies on board required for running a vessel. Stowage The placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a vessel or an aircraft or of cargo in a container. Stowage Factor Ratio of a cargo's cubic measurement to its weight, expressed in cubic feet to the ton or cubic metres to the tonne, used in order to determine the total quantity of cargo which can be loaded in a certain space. Stowage Instructions Imperative details about the way certain cargo is to be stowed, given by the shipper or his agent. Stowage Plan A plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the consignments for the benefit of stevedores and vessel's officers. Stowaway An unwanted person who hides on board of a vessel or an aircraft to get free passage, to evade port officials. IMO definition: A person who is secreted on a ship or in cargo which is subsequently loaded on the ship, without the consent of the shipowner or the master or any other responsible person who is detected on board after the ship has departed from a port and reported as a stowaway by the master. Straddle Carrier Wheeled vehicle designed to lift and carry JLB Shipping containers within its own framework. It is used for moving, and sometimes stacking, JLB Shipping containers at a container terminal. back to top Straddle Crane A crane usually running on rails and spanning an open area such as rail-tracks or roadways. Strap A band of metal, plastic or other flexible material used to hold cargo or cases together. Stretch Part of the total transport chain (trade route) including overland transport identified by place of receipt, ports of call and place of delivery i.e. it has one location or an address as a starting and or ending point. The leg between two points. Stripping The unloading of cargo out of a container. Stuffing The loading of cargo into a container. Suboptimizing Striving for optimum performance in one element of an organisation disregarding the effects this may cause to the performance of the other elements. In other words, a solution for a problem that is best from a narrow point of view but not from a higher or overall company point of view. Substretch Part of a stretch. This term is used if it is necessary to distinguish between a stretch and a part thereof. Supercargo Experienced person (officer) assigned by the charterer of a vessel to advise the management of the vessel and protect the interests of the charterer. Supply Chain A sequence of events in a goods flow which adds to the value of a specific good. These events may include: conversion assembling and/or disassembling movements and placements Supply Chain Definition A sequence of events, which may include conversion, movement or placement, which adds value to goods, products, or services. Supply Vessel Vessel which carries stock and stores to offshore drilling rigs, platforms. Surcharge An additional charge added to the usual or customary freight. Survey An inspection of a certain item or object by a recognised specialist. Surveyor A specialist who carries out surveys. Note: A surveyor is often representing a classification bureau or a governmental body. Swop Body Separate unit without wheels to carry cargo via road sometimes equipped with legs to be used to carry cargo intermodal within Europe. The advantage being that this unit can be left behind to load or discharge whilst the driver with the truck/chassis can change to another unit. These units are not used for sea transport. Synergy The simultaneous joint action of separate parties, which, together, have greater total effect than the sum of their individual effects. System A whole body of connected elements, which influence each other and have specific relations with the environment. back to top T TARif Int¿¿ommunautaire (TARIC) The integrated customs tariff of the community. TIR Transport International des Merchandises par la Route. TOFC See Trailer on Flat Car Tallyman A person who records the number of cargo items together with the condition thereof at the time it is loaded into or discharged from a vessel. Tank Container A tank, surrounded by a framework with the overall dimensions of a container for the transport of liquids or gasses in bulk. Tanker A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk. Tare Mass of Container See Tare Weight of Container Tare Weight of Container Mass of an empty container including all fittings and appliances associated with that particular type of container on its normal operating condition. Tariff The schedule of rates, charges and related transport conditions. Tarpaulin Waterproof material, e.g. canvas, to spread over cargo to protect it from getting wet. Tender A small boat used to carry persons from shore to ship and back Colloquial term used to describe the condition of a ship having marginal stability To present for acceptance an offer (to tender a bit) Terminal A location on either end of a transportation line including servicing and handling facilities. (JLB Shipping synonym of container terminal). Terms of Delivery All the conditions agreed upon between trading partners regarding the delivery of goods and the related services. Note: Under normal circumstances the INCO terms are used to prevent any misunderstandings. Terms of Freight All the conditions agreed upon between a carrier and a merchant about the type of freight and charges due to the carrier and whether these are prepaid or are to be collected. Note: The so-called Combi terms based on the INCO terms do make a distinction what of the freight and related costs is to be paid by the seller and what by the buyer. In the UN recommendation 23 a coding system is recommended to recognise the various items. Thermal Container A container built with insulating walls, doors, floor and roof by which heat exchange with the environment is minimised thus limiting temperature variations of the cargo. Third Party Logistics Supply of logistics related operations between traders by an independent organisation. Through Charge The total rate from point of departure to point of destination. It may be a joint rate or a combination of rates (air cargo). Through Rate See Through Charge Through Route The total route from point of departure to point of destination. Tier A horizontal division of a vessel from bottom to top. The numbers run from bottom to deck and from deck upwards and are used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers. Tilt Transport Road transport whereby the cargo area is protected against the elements by means of a tilt made of canvas or other pliable material. Time Charter A contract whereby a vessel is let to a charterer for a stipulated period of time or voyage, for a remuneration known as hire, generally a monthly rate per ton deadweight or a daily rate. The charterer is free to employ the vessel as he thinks fit within the terms as agreed, but the shipowner continues to manage his own vessel through the master and crew who remain his servants. Time Sheet Statement, drawn-up by the ship's agent at the loading and discharging ports, which details the time worked in loading and discharging the cargo together with the amount of laytime used. Ton Unit of weight measurement: 1000 kilograms (metric ton) or 2,240 lbs (long ton). Unit of cubic measurement, mainly used to express the cubic capacity of a vessel. Unit of weight or measurement used as a basis for the calculation of freights (freight ton). Tonnage Cubic capacity of a merchant vessel. Total weight or amount of cargo expressed in tons. back to top Tracing The action of retrieving information concerning the whereabouts of cargo, cargo items, consignments or equipment. Track & Trace The pro-active tracking of the product along the supply chain, and the paper information flow relating to the order. Tracking The function of maintaining status information, including current location, of cargo, cargo items, consignments or containers either full or empty. Traction The power to grip or hold to a surface while moving without slipping. Tractor A powered vehicle designed and used for towing other vehicles. Trade   1. JLB Shipping: A trade is a liner service (e.g. NEFES) or a cargo flow between two individual markets (e.g. North Atlantic Trade)   2. a) The exchange of goods, funds, services or information with value to the parties involved. This value is either previously agreed or established during business.   b) A commercial connection between two or more individual markets. Traffic The number of passengers, quantity of cargo etc. carried over a certain route. Trailer A vehicle without motive power, designed for the carriage of cargo and to be towed by a motor vehicle. Trailer on Flat Car Abbreviation: TOFC Carriage of piggyback highway trailers on specially equipped railway wagons. Tramp Vessel A vessel not operating under a regular schedule. Trans Siberian Landbridge Overland route from Europe to the Far East via the Trans Siberian Railway (TSR). Transfer Cargo Cargo arriving at a point by one flight and continuing there-from by another flight (air cargo). Transhipment A shipment under one (JLB Shipping) Bill of Lading, whereby sea (ocean) transport is 'broken' into two or more parts. The port where the sea (ocean) transport is 'broken' is the transhipment port. Transfer of cargo from one means of transport to another for on-carriage during the course of one transport operation. Customs: Customs procedure under which goods are transferred under customs control from the importing means of transport to the exporting means of transport within the area of one customs office which is the office of both importation and exportation. Transit Cargo Cargo between outwards customs clearance and inwards customs clearance. Cargo arriving at a point and departing there-from by the same through flight (air cargo). Transit Country One of the States signatory to the Convention on Common Transit (currently, the 18 States of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association, plus San Marino). Transponder A device (chip) used for identification, which automatically transmits certain coded data when actuated by a special signal from an interrogator. Transport The assisted movement of people and or goods. Note: Transport is often used as a generic term for various means of transport, and is distinguished from 'movement' in that it requires such means. Transport Document Document evidencing a contract of carriage between a shipowner and a consignor, such as bill of lading, seawaybill or a multimodal transport document. (IMO) See Shipping Document Transport International by Road Abbreviation: TIR A set of rules following a customs convention to facilitate the international, European transport of goods by road with minimal interference under cover of TIR-carnets. Transport Unit A physical unit, e.g. container or ckd uniquely identified (for instance by license plate) that has been provided by the original shipper for transportation and that should not be split during the transportation process. A transport handling unit can contain different packages. (automotive industry) Trip See Voyage Truck Class of automotive vehicles of various sizes and designs for transporting goods. Trunk The stretch between two hubs mutually. Trusted Third Party (TTP)Services A trusted party is a party which at least two other parties trust. TTP¿s may provide some additional services such as time-stamping, etc. The TTP services relevant to Electronic Business include: Independent time-stamping Attribute certificates Notary functions Document repository Non-repudiation of submission/delivery Translation/validation of certificates back to top Tugmaster Brand name of tractor unit used in ports to pull trailers. They are equipped with a fifth wheel or a gooseneck type of coupling. Tweendeck Cargo carrying surface below the main deck dividing a hold horizontally in an upper and a lower compartment. Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit Abbreviation: TEU Unit of measurement equivalent to one twenty foot JLB Shipping container. Twistlock Device which has to be inserted into the corner fittings of a JLB Shipping container and is turned or twisted, thus locking the container for the purpose of securing or lifting. Two Way Pallet A pallet of which the frame permits the entry of forks of (e.g. a fork lift at two opposite sides). Type of Cargo An indication of the sort of cargo to be transported, (e.g. Break Bulk, Containerised, RoRo). Type of Equipment The type of material used, e.g. 40 feet container, four way pallet or mafi trailer. Type of Load Indicator A general reference or a classification of loads of cargo like 'FCL', 'LCL', 'unpacked' and even ship's convenience container, though this is rarely used nowadays. Type of Means of Transport The type of vehicle used in the transport process, e.g. wide-body aircraft, tank truck or passenger vessel. Type of Movement Description of the service for movement of containers. Note: The following type of movement can be indicated on B/L and Manifest all combinations of FCL and LCL and break bulk and RoRo. Whilst only on the manifest combinations of House, Yard and CFS can be mentioned. Type of Packing Description of the packaging material used to wrap, contain and protect goods to be transported. Type of Transport The indication whether the carrier or the merchant effects and bears the responsibility for inland transport of cargo in containers i.e. a differentiation between the logistical and legal responsibility. Note: Values are Carrier haulage and Merchant haulage, whilst in this context special cases are carrier-nominated merchant haulage, and merchant nominated carrier haulage. Type of Vessel The sort of vessel used in the transport process e.g. Container, RoRo, or Multi Purpose. back to top U Ullage Free space above a liquid contained in a tank, drum or tank-container, expressed as a percentage of the total capacity. Ullage is often used to leave room for possible expansion of the liquid. Ultimate Consignee Party who has been designated on the invoice or packing list as the final recipient of the stated merchandise. Ultra Large Crude Carrier Abbreviation: ULCC A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk with a loading capacity from 250.000 till 500.000 DWT. Unaccompanied Baggage Luggage not accompanied by a passenger. Undercarriage A supporting frame or structure of a wheeled vehicle. The landing gear of an aircraft. Undercarrier A carrier in a conference or consortium who carries less cargo than the allotment distributed to him. Uniform The in 1993 revised rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) governing a letter of credit issued in respect of goods shipped applicable as from 1-1-1994. Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer Abbreviation: UIC International railway union, in which most of the European national railway companies are united. Unit Load A number of individual packages bonded, palletised or strapped together to form a single unit for more efficient handling by mechanical equipment. Unit Load Device Abbreviation: ULD Any type of container or pallet, in which a consignment can be transported by air whether or not such a container is considered aircraft equipment. Any type of air freight container, aircraft container, aircraft pallet with a net, or aircraft pallet with a net over an igloo. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Abbreviation: UNCTAD A United Nations agency whose work in Shipping includes the liner code involving the sharing of cargoes between the Shipping lines of the importing and exporting countries and third countries in the ratio 40:40:20. United Nations Dangerous Goods Number Abbreviation: UNDG Number The four-digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to classify a substance or a particular groups of substances. Note: The prefix 'UN' must always be used in conjunction with these numbers. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Abbreviation: UN/ECE The UN/ECE is one of a number of Economic and Social Commissions established by the General Assembly of the United Nations. Despite its name it embraces both Europe and North America. The UN/ECE comprises twenty nine core member states, as well as any country which is a member of the United Nations and which applies under Article 11 of the United Nations constitution for delegate status. The aim is to advance the economic development of Europe and associated countries through trade facilitation and common agreements. United Nations Layout Key Abbreviation: UNLK A standard (ISO6422) which lays down the basic principles for the design of the image area on documents for use in international trade. United Nations Standard Message Abbreviation: UNSM A collection of structured data that is exchanged to convey information related to a specific transaction between partners engaged in electronic data interchange. Messages are composed of logically grouped segments required for the type of message transaction covered. Note: A set of segments in the order specified in a message directory starting with the message header and ending with the message trailer (ISO9735). Utc Abbreviation of Coordinated Universal Time, the standard measurement of time. Universal time (UT), based on the Earth's actual rotation, was replaced by coordinated universal time (UTC) 1972, the difference between the two involving the addition (or subtraction) of leap seconds on the last day of June or Dec. National observatories (in the UK until 1990 the Royal Greenwich Observatory) make standard time available, and the BBC broadcasts six pips at certain hours (five short, from second 55 to second 59, and one long, the start of which indicates the precise minute). Its computerised clock has an accuracy greater than 1 second in 4,000 years. From 1986 the term Greenwich Mean Time was replaced by UTC. However, the Greenwich meridian, adopted 1884, remains that from which all longitudes are measured, and the world's standard time zones are calculated from it. Utilisation Rate The quotient of used capacity and available capacity. back to top V Vacuum Packing A packaging technique that sucks all the air and moisture from a product, packing the goods in a vacuum. This reduces the size of the product, allowing more goods to be packed. Validation Rule The validation rules are a subset of the business rules defining constraints on the logical data model. They are expressed in the definitions of entities, domains and attributes. Valuable Cargo A consignment which contains one or more valuable articles. Valuation Charge Transport charges for certain goods, based on the value declared for the carriage of such goods. Value Added Tax Abbreviation: VAT A form of indirect sales tax paid on products and services at each stage of production or distribution, based on the value added at that stage and included in the cost to the ultimate customer. Value Chain Management Definition Maximising total performance and added value across an entire process by reviewing each internal and external operation, and the links between these operations. The process will be reviewed in a systematic and standard way in order to optimise speed, certainty, and cost effectiveness for the parties involved. The process review can be achieved through established procedures and existing techniques such as value chain analysis and activity based costing. Vanning See Stuffing Vendee Buyer. Vendor Seller. Very Large Crude Carrier Abbreviation: VLCC A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk with a loading capacity from 50.000 till 250.000 DWT. Vessel A floating structure designed for the transport of cargo and/or passengers. Boiler, drum. Volatility Allowance The largest difference in container availability taking into account past peaks in net demand after having removed the trend in container demand during the repositioning trade-off period. Volume Size or measure of anything in three dimensions. Volume Charge A charge for carriage of goods based on their volume (air cargo). Voucher A receipt, entry or another document which establishes the accounts. Voyage A journey by sea from one port or country to another one or, in case of a round trip, to the same port. Voyage Charter A contract under which the shipowner agrees to carry an agreed quantity of cargo from a specified port or ports to another port or ports for a remuneration called freight, which is calculated according to the quantity of cargo loaded, or sometimes at a lumpsum freight. Voyage Number Reference number assigned by the carrier or his agent to the voyage of the vessel. back to top W Waiting Time The period of time between the moment at which one is ready for an activity to start and the moment at which this activity can actually begin. See also: Queue Time Waiver Clause Clause in a marine insurance policy stating that no acts of the insurer or insured in recovering, saving or preserving the property insured, shall be considered a dismissal from or acceptance of abandonment. War Risk Perils of war or warlike operations, such as capture, seizure, arrests, restraints of kings, princesses and people, hostilities, civil war, mines, torpedo's. War risks are not covered under a policy for marine perils and must therefore be covered under a separate policy for war risks. Warehouse A building specially designed for receipt, storage and handling of goods. Warehouse Keeper Party who takes responsibility for goods entered into a warehouse. Warehouse Receipt Receipt for products deposited in a warehouse. Warehousing Those activities of holding and handling goods in a warehouse (store). Warsaw Convention The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929, or that Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol, 1955, stipulating obligations or parties and limitations and/or exonerations of carriers (air cargo). Waste Disposal Processing and or removal to final resting place or transfer to a place for re-use or recovering of waste. Waste Logistics The collection of used, damaged, or outdated products and or packaging from designated users. Waybill Non-negotiable document evidencing the contract for the transport of cargo. Wear and Tear Loss or deterioration resulting from ordinary use. Weight Charge The charge for carriage of goods based on their weight (air cargo). Weight Ton A ton of 1000 kilos. Wharf A place for berthing vessels to facilitate loading and discharging of cargo. Wharfage The fee charged for the use of a wharf for mooring, loading or discharging a vessel or for storing goods. Wholesaler An intermediary between manufacturers and retailers in various activities such as promotion, warehousing, and the arranging of transport and or distribution. Work Load The quantity of work ahead assigned to a certain facility such as a work station, capacity group or a department respectively staff-member. World Health Organization Abbreviation: WHO The global agency linked with the United Nations and co-operating with other technical agencies relating to health matters at sea and on land. World Meteorological Organisation Abbreviation: WMO The United Nations agency dealing with meteorological issues. back to top X X-ray High frequency electromagnetic ray of short wave-length, capable of penetrating most solid substances. X.25 International standard of the CCITT for packet switching. X.400 A CCITT recommendation designed to facilitate international message and information exchange between subscribers of computer based store-and-forward services and office information systems in association with public and private data networks. X.500 The CCITT now ITU recommendations (ISO9594) for the structure of directories for the maintenance of addresses used in electronic mail. XML Extensible mark-up language is an official recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium as a successor of HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up language) it can be used to convey documents layout and contents from one computer application to another. XML is a subset of SGML. XML/EDI The exchange of structured information over the Internet using XML as the syntax. back to top Y Yard Fenced off, outdoor storage and repair area. Yaw Variation of the course of a ship to port or starboard caused by the action of waves or wind. Yawl A vessel's small boat moved by one oar. A small sailboat rigged fore-and-aft, with a short mizzenmast astern of the cockpit - distinguished from ketch. Yield Bucket The remaining slot capacity for a trade/voyage in a certain port of loading after deduction of the allowance for specific contracts. Yield Management The process of maximising the contribution of every slot, vessel, trade and network. Basically it should be seen as the process of allocating the right type of capacity to the right kind of customer at the right price as to maximise revenue or yield. The concept should be used in combination with load factor management. York-Antwerp Rules See General Average Act back to top Z Zodiac A rubber dinghy. An inflatable craft for the transport of people. Zone Area, belt or district extending about a certain point defined for transport and/or charge purpose. Zone Haulage Rate The rate for which the carrier will undertake the haulage of goods or containers between either the place of delivery and the carrier's appropriate terminal. Such haulage will be undertaken only subject to the terms and conditions of the tariff and of the carrier's Combined Transport Bill of Lading. Zone Improvement Plan Abbreviation: ZIP System to simplify sorting and delivery of mail, consisting of a number of five digits (the so-called ZIP-code) for identification of the state, city or district, and the postal zone in the U.S.A. delivery areas.